Acute effects of alcohol on brain perfusion monitored with arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging in young adults

While a number of studies have established that moderate doses of alcohol increase brain perfusion, the time course of such an increase as a function of breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) has not yet been investigated, and studies differ about regional effects. Using arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated (1) the time course of the perfusion increase during a 15-minute linear increase of BrAC up to 0.6 g/kg followed by a steady exposure of 100 minutes, (2) the regional distribution, (3) a potential gender effect, and (4) the temporal stability of perfusion effects. In 48 young adults who participated in the Dresden longitudinal study on alcohol effects in young adults, we observed (1) a 7% increase of global perfusion as compared with placebo and that perfusion and BrAC are tightly coupled in time, (2) that the increase reaches significance in most regions of the brain, (3) that the effect is stronger in women than in men, and (4) that an acute tolerance effect is not observable on the time scale of 2 hours. Larger studies are needed to investigate the origin and the consequences of the effect, as well as the correlates of inter-subject variations.     

The Natural Course of Serum D-Dimer,C-Reactive Protein,and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Levels After Uneventful Primary Total Joint Arthroplasty

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the baseline levels of D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and monitor the natural course of these serum markers after uneventful primary total joint arthroplasty.MethodsThis prospective study enrolled 81 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty. The level of serum D-dimer, CRP, and ESR was measured preoperatively and on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 15, and 45. Mean peak values, peak times, and distribution were compared between D-Dimer, CRP, and ESR.ResultsThe mean preoperative serum D-dimer, CRP, and ESR level was 412 ± 260 (range 200-980) ng/mL, 2.93 ± 2.1 (range 1-18) mg/L, and 22.88 ± 17.5 (range 3-102) mm/h, respectively. The highest mean peak for D-dimer, CRP, and ESR was at postoperative day 1, 3, and 5, respectively.ConclusionD-dimer levels reached peak levels on postoperative day 1 and then declined rapidly to a plateau level by postoperative day 3. A second, albeit small, peak in the level of D-dimer occurred on postoperative day 15. The level of CRP and ESR remained elevated for much longer with CRP returning to baseline on postoperative day 45 and the level of ESR had not returned back to normal on postoperative day 45.     

药理学实验课融合课程思政的实践探索

药理学是一门医学专业的基础课程,药理学实验课在药理学教学中具有重要地位。通过实验教学,旨在使学生掌握基础的实验技能,加深对理论知识的理解,同时培养学生对科学严肃的工作态度和实事求是的工作作风、为毕业后从事科研或临床工作奠定基础。为实现专业课程和思政课程同向同行,形成协同效应,我们在药理学实验授课中进行了课程思政教学改革。在提升授课教师思想政治素质、挖掘蕴含于教学环节中的思政元素、创新考核模式和做好评教工作的基础上,探索课程思政在药理学实验课教学上的实施途径,旨在将药理学实验课建设成既传授专业知识技能,又培养学生高度的社会责任感、良好的人文素养和职业道德的好课。     

Impact of Student- Versus Instructor-Directed Case Discussions on Student Performance in a Pharmacotherapy Capstone Course

Objective. To evaluate the impact of incorporating student-directed (SD) vs instructor-directed (ID) active learning on student performance in a pharmacotherapy capstone course.Design. This 9-credit course was redesigned from exclusively ID case discussions to a format in which half were SD and half were ID. Student performance on evaluation questions derived from SD sessions was compared with that from ID sessions.Assessment. Overall, students (n=299) performed better on ID-session questions than on SD-session questions (78.7% vs 75.3%, correctly answered, respectively; p<0.001). For written evaluations, students performed better on ID-session questions than on SD-session questions (79.8% vs 73.9%, respectively; p<0.001). For verbal evaluations, students performed better on SD-session questions than on ID-session questions (79.5% vs 74.5%, respectively; p<0.001). After the course revision, student confidence regarding their ability to think critically, solve problems, make decisions, and pursue lifelong learning was high, and student and faculty feedback was positive.Conclusion. Student performance in a pharmacotherapy capstone course remained acceptable when a combination of SD and ID active learning was used, but the addition of SD learning did not translate to better performance on course evaluations.     

曾学文运用经方治疗心系疾病

炙甘草汤、四逆汤、四逆散、真武汤、枳实薤白桂枝汤、葶苈大枣泻肺汤、小青龙汤出自张仲景的《伤寒论》及《金匮要略》,为曾学文治疗心系疾病的常用方。曾学文主任认为其理法方药,阐述了张仲景心系疾病辨证论治的理论和方法,心系疾病发病多因本虚标实,病位在心,"心动则五脏皆摇",可牵及肺、脾、肝、肾,本虚多以心气、心阳不足为主,可累及心阴,标实多以寒邪、痰饮、水湿、血瘀为主,"气、血、水"乃心脏疾病三步曲。     

护理学基础国家级精品资源共享课的建设

目的通过护理学基础国家级精品资源共享课的建设实践,进一步探索培养专业基础扎实、动手能力强的实用型护理人才的有效途径。方法根据《教育部关于国家精品开放课程建设的实施意见》文件精神及我校精品资源共享课的建设标准,对护理学基础课程教学内容、教学方法两方面进行了深入研究与改革。结果实验组护理本科生对教师的总体评价明显高于对照组(P0.01);实验组护理本科生理论与操作考核成绩均高于对照组(P0.01或P0.05)。结论护理学基础国家级精品资源共享课的建设促进了该课程教学质量的提高,提示在课程建设过程中要基于学校自身优势与特色,进行不断挖掘与创新,才能取得精品资源共享课建设的实效,实现学校人才培养的目标。     

The effect of appendectomy on the course of ulcerative colitis: a systematic review

Aim Previous studies have shown significantly lower appendectomy rates in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients compared with healthy controls. Evidence indicating that the appendix has an immunomodulatory role in UC has been accumulating. To examine the latest evidence on the effect of appendectomy on the disease course of UC. Method PubMed, The Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched. Primary end‐points were number of relapses, use of steroids, number of hospital admissions and number of colectomies. Results The search resulted in six observational studies (five case–control studies and one cohort study) totalling 2532 patients. Owing to clinical heterogeneity, no meta‐analysis could be conducted. One study found lower relapse rates in patients appendectomized before the onset of UC [absolute risk reduction (ARR) = 21.5%; 95% CI: 1.71–45.92%]. Another two studies found a reduced requirement for immunosuppression in appendectomized patients (ARR = 20.2%; 95% CI: 9.67–30.46% in the first study and ARR = 21.4%; 95% CI: 10.32–32.97% in the second study). In addition, one study found lower colectomy rates in nonappendectomized patients (ARR = 8.7%; 95% CI: 1.29–18.66%) and two studies found lower colectomy rates in appendectomized patients (ARR = 21.4%; 95% CI: 13.17–28.79% in the first study and ARR = 18.7%; 95% CI: 7.50–29.97% in the second study). Conclusion There are limited and conflicting data available regarding the effect of appendectomy on the disease course of UC. Most studies suggest a beneficial effect and the minority find no, or a negative, effect.     

Correlation between symptoms and course duration of upper aerodigestive tract cancer at early and advanced stages

There still are many clinical and biological aspects of the natural history of cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract to be unveiled; which in Brazil is a direct consequence of the failure of systematic prevention and early diagnosis campaigns.ObjectiveTo analyze the signs and symptoms presented by patients with the disease at initial and advanced stages. Other variables such as disease duration, general and nutritional status were considered.MethodA historical cohort study with a cross-section involving 895 subjects with cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract.ResultsClinical findings were not statistically correlated with disease progression, nor with the disease in early stages, but it showed rapid disease development.ConclusionThe results suggest a disease of insidious onset in the early stages and fast course afterwards. The long disease duration - greater than three months, was associated with worsening in general and nutritional states of patients.     

论张仲景“客气”之意

张仲景书中的"客气"一词,一般被误解作"邪气"。笔者通过比较多条经文发现,"客气"并非张仲景理解的"邪气",而是指一种特殊的致病因素,是由于胃虚而浊气上逆所生的阳热之邪。由于这种情况并非"外来邪气",又非生理的"正气",因而张仲景创造"客气"一词,以解释这种特殊的病因。     

基于BOPPPS模式的微课体系构建

肝胆胰脾外科课程是医学生认识肝胆胰脾疾病本质的必备知识,但由于传统外科理论课教学的局限性,简单的课堂授课难以提高学生学习兴趣。大多数学生只是为了考试而学习,没有从本质上了解到外科学知识对未来临床工作的重要性。这也是目前医学院校普遍存在的基础医学课程教学效果差、效率低的原因,也给临床实践工作带来了许多难题。主要原因在于,传统的课堂教学中人数较多,学生参与度较少,难以投入其中,这也是目前医学院校基础课程改革面临的重大难点及要点。因此,如何进行外科课程的教学改革是当今保障医学教学质量过程中亟待解决的问题。从我国外科课程的教育现状出发,通过BOPPPS教学模式和微课教学法的结合,构建肝胆胰脾外科理论教学与手术能力培训体系,改善教学效果、增强学生对专业知识的实际应用能力。